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标题: 我在国外网站看到的DIY双排键电子琴 [打印本页]

作者: 正Q 时间: 2008-10-17 17:26
标题: 我在国外网站看到的DIY双排键电子琴

I started this project two years ago when I acquired the manuals from a parted-out Hammond B2 organ. My goal is to build a MIDI controller unit to be used with the Native Instruments B4 program. The basic plan is to use one key contact per key to trigger a MIDI encoder circuit board. I have found several sources of MIDI encoder circuit boards. More about this later.
Topics:
The Parts I Need

A Tale of Blotches and Keycombs

Assembling the Manuals

A 73-key Hammond?

Wiring And Keyswitches

Building the Cabinet

Resources and Links

Here's a list of the parts I've collected so far:
The manuals from the B2. These were REALLY dirty, and the keys were badly stained. Greyish blotches too
A complete set of drawbars from a BV/CV type Hammond. Ratchet type
Complete sets of keys from 2 Hammond M2/M3 spinnet organs
Compete sets of keycombs from 2 Hammond M2/M3 organs
A switch tablet panel from a B2. This is the panel that goes across over the back of the upper manual, underneath the drawbars. In a B2, this panel has the Vibrato/Chorus tablets, the rotary knob that selects the type of Vibrato or Chorus, and the start and run switches
Wood to build a cabinet to house all of this--I chose oak for three reasons:
I like what it looks like
It's hard and durable
Of the hardwoods I like, its the least expensive
It's easy to get in useful sizes and shapes

When I started to dismantle the two manuals, I discovered two things:
That the white keys were all stained with the "Grey Blotchies"--it wasn't pretty!
That the keycombs were badly worn. The little squares of felt on each keycomb "tooth" were worn to the point that the keys were clacking against each other rather badly
I already had replacement keys, so the first step was to obtain replacement keycombs, after doing some research on the HamTech message board, and discovering that new keycombs are not available. Period. End of story. But used ones are, mostly extracted from parted-out Hammond spinnet organ models M2 and M3. When I posted a question on the HamTech message board about repairing or re-felting keycombs I got a lot of excellent advice about renewing the keycombs, plus offers from three people who had M2 or M3 keycombs to sell. I bought full sets of M-series keycombs from two of these guys. What I got in both cases were keycombs in nearly new condition.
Once the replacement keycombs arrived and the weather cooled off to the point where I could work in the garage, I began the process of dismantling the B2 manuals and cleaning up 50 years of dust, dirt, and rust that had accumulated under and around the keys. Once that was done, I began to reassemble the manuals with the "new" keycombs and the unstained keys.
The first picture is of the lower manual part way through the installation of keycombs and keys. As I said before, the original keys on these manuals were badly stained, with unpleasant-looking greyish blotches all over them. Apparently Hammond used a different plastic formulation in the late 40's and early 50's, because only the M2, B2 and C2 organs exhibit this greyish blotchiness upon significant exposure to sunlight (so I have been told).

The next picture is another shot of the lower manual during the installation of the replacement keycombs and keys:

Next is a close-up of a few of the white keys and the keycombs. The job of the keycombs is to guide the up and down travel of the keys. Each finger of the keycomb has a small square of heavy felt that limits how far the key can move side-to-side, yet allows the key to move freely up and down.

The keys I am using in this project were actually acquired to re-key my Hammond Model A, which has the older style keys with rather sharp side edges. I have a total of about 200 of these keys, in very good shape--with NO GREY BLOTCHES!
What I don't have is white sharp/flat keys to replace the sharp/flat preset keys on these two manuals. The solution I came up with is to use all black keys in the preset panels of both manuals, as shown in the next picture (I think the look is rather nice--don't you?):

This next picture shows the lower manual with all of the new keys installed:

Next I set up the two manuals together on my work table so I could take some measurements for the cabinet design. This next picture shows what it looks like so far:

I took another close-up of the two manuals together to show what they look like in more detail. I really like the resulting picture. My intention was to show the sheet-metal screws that I had used to mount the metal fall boards, which were originally mounted in a manner that required dismantling the keyboard assembly to remove the fall board. These sheet-metal screws make it easy to remove these boards just by taking out the screws--you don't even have to pull the keyboard out of the organ cabinet to do it!

I know it's hard to tell the difference, but this picture is of the UPPER manual, with the new keys and keycombs installed, as well as the sheet metal screws for the fall-board:

After setting up the keyboards as shown in the picture above, and thinking about the MIDI controller I am using now (a Roland A70--a VERY nice keyboard), I decided to experiment with building a 73-key version of the Hammond keyboard. So I removed the black preset keys from the two manuals, disabled the latching mechanism, and installed standard keys in place of the black ones. The result is shown below:

Here's another shot, showing the two manuals and the drawbar assembly:

The next step in the process involves removing all of the keyboard wiring that connects the output of the Hammond's Tonewheel Generator to the key switches. The next picture shows what this wiring looks like during the removal:

Finally, a view of the keyswitch assembly after all of the wires have been removed:

In the above picture the keyboard assembly is upside down, shown from the rear. The several hundred resistance wires that connect the TWG to the keyswitches have been removed, along with the looms that the wires were strung on to keep them organized. The goal here was to eliminate as much weight as possible, and to reduce the height of the lower manual in order to reduce the size of the overall keyboard assembly. Taking out the wires and looms allows me to reduce the overall height by about an inch.

「该帖子被正Q 在 2008-10-17 17:29:45 编辑过」

作者: 正Q 时间: 2008-10-17 17:27

This picture shows the assembly of the left-hand end of the cabinet. The clamps hold the upper half of the left end in place while the glue is drying:

Next, we have a picture of the main cabinet assembly with the two ends mounted in place, along with the front rail. The floor of the cabinet is a piece of 1/2-inch oak hardwood plywood 45-5/8" wide by 24" deep.

Another shot, of the right end this time--showing a little more detail of what the end looks like:

Finally, this picture shows the cabinet with the two manuals and the drawbars in place. The cabinet is now ready for final sanding. Note that the cheekblocks are in place. They will be mounted with woodscrews that go up through the wood blocks mounted on the ends of each manual assembly:

Another view of the cabinet and manuals:

In this picture I have added the top panel and a strip above the drawbar assembly, plus some blocks to cover up the ends of the drawbar base, where there are screw holes & stuff:

Another shot showing the blocks of wood covering the left-hand end of the drawbar base:

And this picture shows the right-hand end of the drawbar base blocks, etc:

In the next set of pictures I have put a couple coats of stain/urethane varnish on the cabinet, and built a set of legs for it. The leg assembly is a separate piece, and the main cabinet just sits down on it. To transport the thing, you just lift the cabinet off.

This picture shows the left-hand end of the keyboards with the lowest octave of keys removed. I will be building and installing two wood panels in this area to carry some of the controls needed for the B4 software. Included will be percussion and vibrato controls, as well as some potentiometers to control the B4's tube amplifier emulation.

This next picture shows the two keyboard assemblies from the rear of the cabinet, showing the keyswitches:

Another shot of the rear of the cabinet, showing the end of the manuals where the preset key connections used to be when these keyboards were in a B2. Above the manuals you can see the wires that are connected to the ends of the drawbar assembly bus bars.

Finally, a detail shot of the keyswitches. Note that there are nine contacts for each key in each manual. These contacts used to be connected by resistance wires to a terminal strip underneath each manual that provided the connections to the outputs of the Tonewheel Generator. As near as I can figure, there were over 600 of these resistance wires per manual, probably averaging 3 feet in length. That's about 3600 feet of resistance wire--about 2/3 of a mile!

Here's a picture of the organ(is that the right term?) in my living room with the newly made left-side cheek blocks in place. They will serve as control panels for the MIDI controls for the B4 software.

This picture is a close-up of the two cheek blocks:

It's not quite a B3, but the design sort of suggests it, doesn't it? There'll be more pictures when I have made more progress. Still left to do:
Get and install the MIDI encoder electronics
Complete the cabinet. The top board needs to be sanded, stained & varnished
I'm still undecided about the 61 vs 73 keys question. The keyboards are currently set up with 61 keys per manual, but I'm beginning to think I'll go back to the 73 key configuration
I will be using a MIDI encoder device made by J. D. Petkov that is designed for use with the Native Instruments B4 program, and I'm thinking about building a PC into the cabinet as well (except for the monitor, mouse, and keyboard, of course!). There's plenty of room for the motherboard & power supply behind the manuals, and the MIDI Encoder needs power anyway.

The following are sources of MIDI encoders and other MIDI equipment:
Doepfer Musikelektronik GMBH
is a company in Germany that makes an assortment of MIDI equipment. Everything from MIDI encoder and decoder circuit boards to very sophisticated analog synthesizers
J D Petkov
is an engineer in Bulgaria who designs and sells MIDI encoder circuit boards and related stuff, including a circuit board that provides a complete implementation of a MIDI controller for the Native Instruments B4 software
MIDI Hardware Kits
- this site offers several MIDI circuit boards for adding MIDI to keyboards & other devices.
Sound Research
- This website is operated by Vern Jones, who has developed some MIDI keyboards encoders and other MIDI stuff based on J D Petkov's designs
MIDI Pipe and Electronic Organ Consultants
- This company, run by Jerry Cluff, offers MIDI components and MIDI conversion kits for pipe organs and electronic organs
The following is the company that created the B4 program - an excellent Hammond Organ simulation, including a pretty darn good Leslie simulation:
Native Instruments

I'll add more links as I come across them.

Hammond-Suzuki: In chronological order: First came the XB2, then the XK2. Both are 61-key keyboards with one set of drawbars and a digital sound engine that emulates the B3 sound. These have been replaced by the XK-3, a new model with 61 waterfall keys, and 2 sets of drawbars. These three also have a Leslie simulator on-board, plus an 11-pin connector for direct connection to the later model Leslie speaker systems. H/S also has a B3 simulator module with a drawbar unit, which can be driven by a MIDI keyboard. Finally, they have just brought out a reincarnation of the B3 that uses keyboards based on the original Hammond design with a digital sound engine. Full-on walnut-finished cabinet--it looks just like the original B3. List price is about $25K
Korg: Korg's flagship product is the CX-3, a 61-key keyboard with a look and feel very much like the original Hammonds--waterfall keys, 2 sets of drawbars, a pretty good Leslie simulator. They brought out a two-manual version of it last year as well, called the BX-3. Like most Hammond clones, the Korgs use a digital sound engine to emulate the B3
Nord: This company introduced a Hammond-Organ clone last year called the Electro, available in 61 and 73 key versions. Very good organ simulation, built-in Leslie simulation, and simulated drawbars that use push-buttons to change settings, and an LED display to show the current drawbar settings
Oberheim/Viscount: Offers a 61-key Hammond simulator, plus a module version. Both have one set of drawbars. On board Leslie simulation. I don't know much about these, however
Roland: Roland now has four models: The VK8 (61 keys, single keyboard), the VK8M (module only--no keyboard), the VK88 (two 61-key manuals), and the VR-760 (V Combo), a 76-key synthesizer & organ combination keyboard
Voce: The flagship product is the V5, a B3 simulator module that requires a MIDI controller. The module has one set of drawbars. They have a separate module, the Voce Spin II, which is their Leslie simulator. In addition, they have a smaller, less expensive module called the Micro B that has no drawbars, only presets (32 of them, I think). Voce has recently introduced a dual-manual organ using the V5 technology with 4 sets of drawbars and two 61-key manuals, called the Key 5
Native Instruments: This is a software company, with a Hammond simulator software package that runs on PC-compatibles and Macs. Good stuff--I use this program when I play keys at the church, running on a Sony laptop

作者: zhw63 时间: 2008-10-17 17:39

如果E文有点问题的话，这样：

http://translate.google.cn/translate?ie=UTF8&hl=zh-CN&u=http%3a%2f%2fbbs%2ecndzq%2ecom%2fShow%2easp%3fid%3d%35%37%33%36%32%26BoardID%3d%36%32%26TB%3d%31&langpair=en%7czh-CN

作者: 唐龍坤少 时间: 2008-10-17 21:29

都生锈了能用吗？

组装好貌似新的~~

作者: 沉思 时间: 2008-10-18 23:53
真不错哦

作者: 飞哥传情 时间: 2008-10-20 05:51

高手!

作者: 新爱琴 时间: 2008-10-21 15:39

外国人的DIY能力真是比较强！因该是个狂热的Organ爱好者

作者: shkbach 时间: 2008-10-21 18:25
这是适用于演奏流行乐爵士乐的哈蒙德风琴，音栓有别于教堂管风琴，音色是合成器的效果，例如常见的B3、B4就是这样，左边黑色键盘区是音色存储单元，每个键就是一个存储单元，按下去音色就改变了。其实使用这种风琴要比沃里特风琴更有局限性，沃里特风琴基本上和教堂管风琴相同，音色适合于演奏更多类型的音乐，特别是交响乐和室内乐，沃里特风琴和哈蒙德风琴在欧美国家都很流行，让多排键盘乐器更具表现力。

(, 下载次数: 9)

(, 下载次数: 7)

「该帖子被 shkbach 在 2008-10-21 18:32:08 编辑过」

作者: nbj 时间: 2008-11-2 19:30

好家伙，居然是73×2的，偶没有看错的话。

要是让田进勤田老师看见的话，也会自叹弗如的。

作者: rosita 时间: 2009-2-11 15:13

天```

做了多久哦```

给我肯定做到一半都想崩溃了``

作者: zxs1010 时间: 2009-2-11 16:34

太牛了

动手能力强啊

厉害

作者: ae40515 时间: 2014-5-11 13:57
看起来好像还不错
真厉害

作者: yifeng1920 时间: 2014-6-17 11:53
厉害！！！！！

作者: 云V随风随行 时间: 2014-9-10 21:55
这都可以。。

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